It is an 8-bit microcontroller with 32 KB of flash memory and 2 KB of SRAM. Microcontroller (Atmega328P) The microcontroller is the heart of the Arduino Uno board.Let's take a closer look at each component and its function in the schematic. It is sometimes, used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.The Arduino Uno schematic consists of several components, including the microcontroller, voltage regulator, USB interface, and various other passive components. The pins labeled “~” can be used to generate PWM.ĪREF stands for Analog Reference. These pins can be configured to work as input digital pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive different modules like LEDs, relays, etc. The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 6 provide PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) output. The speed of flashing depends on the baud rate used by the board. The TX led flashes with different speed while sending the serial data. First, at the digital pins 0 and 1, to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. They appear in two places on the Arduino UNO board. On your board, you will find two labels: TX (transmit) and RX (receive). If this light does not turn on, then there is something wrong with the connection. This LED should light up when you plug your Arduino into a power source to indicate that your board is powered up correctly. Actually, you are slaving the output device to the master of the SPI bus. It is often referred to as an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), which could be considered as an "expansion" of the output. Mostly, ICSP (12) is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the Arduino consisting of MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND. For more details about the IC construction and functions, you can refer to the data sheet. This information is available on the top of the IC. You must know what IC your board has before loading up a new program from the Arduino IDE. The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL Company. The main IC (integrated circuit) on the Arduino is slightly different from board to board. You can assume it as the brain of your board. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or temperature sensor and convert it into a digital value that can be read by the microprocessor.Įach Arduino board has its own microcontroller (11). The Arduino UNO board has six analog input pins A0 through A5. Vin (9) − This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from an external power source, like AC mains power supply. GND (8)(Ground) − There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be used to ground your circuit. Most of the components used with Arduino board works fine with 3.3 volt and 5 volt. Second, you can connect an external reset button to the Arduino pin labelled RESET (5). First, by using the reset button (17) on the board. You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program from the beginning. It tells us that the frequency is 16,000,000 Hertz or 16 MHz. The number printed on top of the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. How does Arduino calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal oscillator. The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time issues. The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the Arduino board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements. All you need to do is connect the USB cable to the USB connection (1).Īrduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by connecting it to the Barrel Jack (2). Some boards look a bit different from the one given below, but most Arduinos have majority of these components in common.Īrduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your computer. In addition, it is the best board to get started with electronics and coding. We will study the Arduino UNO board because it is the most popular board in the Arduino board family. In this chapter, we will learn about the different components on the Arduino board.
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